AI
AI confidence: when an 80% prediction should mean something
Distinguish probability calibration from classification accuracy, read reliability diagrams carefully, and evaluate calibrated models without leaking training information.
The journal.
A considered look at the systems, tools and ideas moving technology forward.
12 articles on this page
Security
Content Security Policy: make script trust explicit
Learn how CSP nonces, script hashes and report-only deployment work, why static sites need different choices, and where a browser policy cannot replace secure code.
Computing
DDR5 on-die ECC: useful protection, but not the whole memory path
Look inside DDR5 error correction, distinguish chip-internal protection from system-level ECC, and learn what scrubbing and repair features actually describe.
EEE
Op-amp feedback: why a virtual short is not a real connection
Understand how negative feedback brings op-amp input voltages close together, and why output limits and device specifications still decide whether the circuit works.
EEE
Buck converters: the current ripple behind a lower voltage
Follow the switching cycle of a buck converter, then connect duty cycle, inductor ripple and component limits without mistaking an ideal equation for a finished design.
AI
AI predictive maintenance: turn sensor data into a defensible decision
Connect vibration measurements, condition indicators and machine-learning outputs without mistaking anomaly detection for an exact prediction of equipment failure.
AI
Evaluating RAG: retrieval, groundedness and completeness are different tests
Build a clearer evaluation plan for retrieval-augmented AI by separating search quality, supported answers and coverage instead of trusting one overall score.
EEE
Solar MPPT: finding an operating point, not creating extra power
Learn how maximum power point tracking uses panel voltage and current, why the best operating point moves, and where tracking algorithms face trade-offs.
EEE
ADC sampling: why a clean waveform can still be wrong
Explore sampling rate, aliasing and anti-alias filters, and learn why a plausible digital waveform is not proof that the analog signal was captured correctly.
EEE
Transformer efficiency: follow the core, the coils and the load
Understand no-load and winding losses, why loading changes efficiency, and how to compare transformers without mistaking a nameplate for a lifetime result.
Connected
Wi-Fi 7: better connections, not just a bigger speed number
Understand multi-link operation, wider channels and the compatibility checks that matter before upgrading a wireless network.
Security
OAuth PKCE: why an authorization code is not enough
Follow the verifier-and-challenge mechanism that binds an OAuth code exchange to the client that started it—and understand its limits.
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